Physiotherapy and rehabilitation for fractures - part 1.

Magnetotherapy

Magnetic therapy is a natural treatment method that is very simple, safe and effective. Millions of people use it to: restore energy and strengthen the immune system, relieve pain and improve general condition, overcome stress and depression, improve blood circulation, relieve tissue swelling, etc. Magnetic therapy can cure many diseases, which is why in our country it has long been recognized as a medical method.

During magnetic therapy, tissues are not directly magnetized, but water molecules that are part of the cells and represent dipoles acquire magnetic properties. In addition, the magnetic field helps to change the concentration of some biologically active substances (nucleic acids, enzymes, proteins). Also, the magnetic field potentiates the binding of free radicals, which play a major role in the process of inflammation, aging and cell death.

Magnetotherapy is a natural method: inside each of us there is a magnetic field that is part of our body. Its violation worsens a person’s condition, and can subsequently result in illness. Correction of the magnetic field becomes the recharge that gradually brings the body back to normal or significantly improves the patient’s condition.

Magnetotherapy is a treatment based on the influence of a low frequency alternating magnetic field on the human body as a whole or a separate part of it. This effect does not magnetize the patient’s tissues, but allows the transfer of magnetic properties to components such as blood elements and water. The penetration depth of the magnetic field is about 5 centimeters.

Of all the physical therapy methods, magnetic therapy is the softest and most gentle. It is well tolerated by those for whom other procedures are contraindicated due to age or health status - elderly people, debilitated patients. It is painless and has a fairly wide range of indications. Since magnetic fields penetrate any surface and environment, they are successfully used in the presence of plaster, ointment applications or any other medical devices.

Magnetotherapy has seen many ups and downs throughout the history of its existence. In recent years, interest in it has been growing again, which can be explained by a number of reasons - first of all, the improvement of technologies and equipment that make it possible to generate a wide variety of magnetic fields and purposefully use them in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases.

Types of applied magnetic fields

Magnetic fields in the direction of field lines can be constant or variable and generated in continuous or intermittent (pulse) modes with different frequencies, shapes and durations of pulses. The magnetic field that arises between the north and south poles of a magnet can be uniform or inhomogeneous.

Currently, low-frequency alternating magnetic fields are mainly used in magnetic therapy.

Low-frequency magnetic therapy is when the frequency of the radiating inductor coil does not exceed 50 mT (Tesla miles is a unit of radiating magnetic field induction). Typically the radiating frequency reaches up to 1000 Hz, and the induction varies between 10 and 30 mT.

Low-frequency alternating and constant magnetic fields cause physicochemical changes in biological tissues, manifested by the orientation of large molecules of enzyme proteins in the direction of the magnetic field lines. This causes an increase in the permeability of cell membranes, acceleration of redox reactions, increased enzymatic activity and local activation of blood supply.

Mechanism of action of magnetic therapy

It should be noted that there is currently no general opinion among experts about the nature of the influence of the magnetic field and its intensity. As most scientists assume, when human tissue is exposed to a magnetic field, the physicochemical properties of the body’s water systems, the orientation of large ionized biological molecules (in particular, proteins, including enzymes) and free radicals change. This entails a transformation in the rate of biochemical and biophysical processes. Electric currents stimulate the transport of ions across membranes and improve the permeability of biological membranes. They become catalysts for certain processes at the cellular level and thus activate molecules that, when entering the organs, cause the necessary and physiologically normal reaction.

Indications for use

Magnetic therapy is prescribed for many diseases. Its main therapeutic effects are: analgesic, vasodilating, catabolic, lymphatic drainage, trophostimulating, hypocoagulating, and also hypotensive.

Magnetic therapy is used for the following diseases:

• IHD (initial stages of angina pectoris);
• hypertension stages I and II;
• stress conditions, neuroses, insomnia;
• mild to moderate rheumatoid arthritis;
• arthrosis;
• osteochondrosis;
• consequences of burns;
• psoriatic arthropathy;
• slowly healing fractures, wounds and trophic ulcers;
• women's chronic inflammatory diseases in the acute stage;
• chronic inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs;
• chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities and thrombophlebitis;
• gastrointestinal diseases (peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum both during remission and during exacerbation and gastritis, inflammation and dyskinesia of the biliary tract, chronic and subacute pancreatitis, chronic hepatitis and prolonged treatment of acute hepatitis, non-ulcerative colitis, pain after gastrectomy);
• allergic and itchy skin dermatoses;
• chronic and subacute diseases of the genitourinary system;
• postoperative and traumatic pain;
• dentistry: periodontal disease, gingivitis, ulcers on the oral mucosa, acute arthritis of the temporomandibular joint, fracture of the lower jaw, wounds after surgery and trauma.

The effect of using magnetic therapy, depending on the characteristics of the body and the nature of the disease, can appear either after a few minutes, after several sessions, or even after a long, persistent course of treatment, so treatment must be taken seriously, without perceiving the device as a magic wand.

Contraindications

Magnetic therapy is based on the effect of a magnetic field with well-defined indicators on the human body. Despite the fact that our body is extremely sensitive to magnetic fields, there are few contraindications to magnetic therapy:

• low blood pressure (hypotension);
• heart failure and rhythm disturbances;

the presence of a pacemaker and other implanted metal structures;

• diseases characterized by a tendency to bleeding;
• pregnancy;
• increased thyroid function;
• active tuberculosis;
• acute thrombophlebitis;
• purulent diseases;
• mental illness;
• epilepsy;
• infectious diseases (acute period);
• alcohol intoxication.

Benefits of magnetic therapy

The nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine systems are most affected by magnetic therapy. Low-frequency magnetic fields stimulate the functioning of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland, genital organs and other endocrine glands, which significantly increases the body's resistance and resistance to diseases.

Magnetotherapy has the following effects on the human body:

• calms the nervous system, improves sleep, reduces irritability;
• improves overall well-being;
• reduces the tone of arterial vessels, reduces blood clotting and improves its rheological properties;
• stimulates the lymphatic system;
• activates the work of endocrine organs: thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries;
• helps improve joint mobility;
• Magnetic therapy has a pronounced anti-edematous effect;
• normalizes bile formation, bile excretion, improves microcirculation in the liver, pancreas, as well as motor function of the gastrointestinal tract;
• helps relieve spasms in the urinary tract and remove stones from them;
• in the respiratory system reduces congestion, improves bronchial patency and external respiratory function;
• accelerates and renews the production of collagen - the main substance responsible for the elasticity and firmness of the skin;
• stimulates the immune system;

Magnetic therapy for various diseases

Magnetic therapy is combined with other types of treatment. It helps get rid of swelling, has an analgesic effect and a significant effect on the metabolism in the body. It should be noted that the genital organs are highly sensitive to magnetic therapy. Moreover, even small therapeutic doses have a stimulating effect on sexual function.

Magnetotherapy has found wide application in the treatment of various diseases of the musculoskeletal system. It can be used either independently or as one of the components of complex therapy. The use of magnetic therapy helps relieve inflammation and pain, reduce swelling, and restore normal mobility.

Magnetic therapy has shown excellent results in the treatment of osteoporosis (some forms of arthritis, arthrosis, etc.), manifested in improvement or recovery.

When treating complex bone fractures, magnetic therapy improves blood microcirculation in the damaged area, resulting in increased blood supply to organs and tissues, reduced inflammation in them, which promotes faster healing.

Magnetic therapy is actively used in the treatment of varicose veins, since the pulsed magnetic field causes contraction of blood vessels, increases their elasticity and improves microcirculation.

Magnetic therapy is used to treat myopia, astigmatism and increased eye fatigue, as well as accommodation disorders and the initial stages of glaucoma, optic nerve atrophy, edematous conditions and also inflammatory eye diseases.

With the help of magnetic therapy, infertility is treated, since the active magnetic field increases the permeability of membranes, increases the speed of biochemical reactions and processes, and stimulates the nervous system, which begins to respond more quickly to signals coming from the outside.

Magnetic therapy also has a beneficial effect on patients with severe bruises and injuries. It promotes rapid healing of hematomas and is successfully used to relieve inflammatory processes.

Equipment used for magnetic therapy:

Modern devices, as a rule, are compact complexes consisting of:

• minicomputer,
• magnetic field generator,
• control unit with graphic display, emitters,
• additional equipment (couches, solenoid, plate emitters, etc.).

A specific treatment protocol is set through the computer, and the machine sends a command to devices that generate a magnetic field (constant or alternating). The graphic display has built-in treatment protocols for most diseases; it is possible to additionally adjust the frequency of magnetic fields and their power. emitters and area of ​​therapeutic application of the technique:

• local emitters that allow you to focus the action of magnetic fields on the necessary parts of the body (for example, muscles, joints);
• magnetic belts;
• solenoids of various diameters to form a circular magnetic field (usually used to treat limbs, pelvic organs, spine);
• couch with a movable solenoid (for treatment of the whole body).
• capsules for general magnetic therapy

Note: The human body does not have specific receptors for the magnetic field, so we do not experience any sensations when exposed to it, including the Earth’s most powerful magnetic field. However, at the same time, the internal environments of the body react to the influence of the magnetic field, as a result, all of the above processes develop.

The procedure for performing magnetic therapy

• as a rule, there is no sensation of external influence during the procedure
• absolutely painless
• performed through light clothing
• does not require preparation
• Before the procedure, it is recommended to drink a glass of water to improve cell cleansing processes
• requires course application - 1020 procedures at intervals of 13 days, with certain techniques daily
• Duration of the procedure is 1060 minutes, with most techniques 2030 minutes
• it is necessary to take into account individual susceptibility to the effects of a magnetic field (determined during the first session)
• it is necessary to take into account the possibility of a significant decrease in blood pressure during the procedure

Magnetic therapy is performed in clinic No. 6

Procedure times: Monday, Friday from 8.00 to 19.00 room No. 32

Sign up for magnetic therapy at clinic No. 6:

Office No. 32, telephone 499955 Monday, Friday from 9.00 to 19.00.

Fractures

A bone fracture is a violation of its integrity, which occurs when loads exceed the strength of the supporting area.

The reasons can be divided into two groups:

• traumatic;
• pathological.

In the first case, we are talking about external mechanical influences, for example, a blow, a fall. In the second - due to any diseases.

Natural bone healing

So:

1. If the affected bone is in an immobilized state and there are no bulky vascular injuries, then within a couple of days the signs characteristic of all injuries appear - signs of non-infectious inflammation. This is the first mechanism for bone repair.
2. The healing itself is associated with the formation of a primary callus. The duration of this stage takes about 3-4 weeks. Connective tissue cells located inside the bone penetrate fibrin, a fiber-like protein. This is how callus elements are formed. At the same time, bone and cartilage tissue, blood vessels are formed, and innervation is restored.
3. Bone tissue becomes denser as calcium salts are deposited in it. This period lasts on average a month.
4. In the process of fusion of parts of the bone, the callus is rebuilt in such a way that its tissue becomes structurally more similar to the bone itself.

Note! If the fragments are stable, but the vascular network is significantly damaged, then healing is delayed for months! (Primary delayed union)

For proper healing, the fragments and vasculature must be stable

Treatment methods for fractures

Provides:

• non-operative;
• operational;
• combined.