Bandage for the shoulder joint and arm. Types of fixing bandages for the shoulder joint

A frank interview with a German rheumatologist after working in Russia for Russia Today

Dr. Klaus Maier

Head of the Department of Joint Surgery at the Clinic for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Bonn

Read the interview

“Russian medicine is a mystery to me. They treat joints for years instead of 3 weeks and reject new effective remedies!” Click the “Read interview” button

Basic functions of a medical device

The joint is characterized by constant intense loads as a result of movement of the upper limb. If the functional activity of the arm decreases, the shoulder joint is examined. Wearing a bandage is recommended by traumatologists for immobilization and stress reduction, for example, during active sports. It provides moderate fixation, that is, it simultaneously stabilizes the joint and relieves its ligamentous-muscular system. The orthosis performs the following functions:

supports the joint and arm, accelerating the regeneration of damaged tissues;
prevents excessive joint mobility, which can provoke further injury;
prevents the occurrence of discomfort when moving your hand, turning or bending.

Wearing fixing devices limits the dynamics of the striated muscles, which has a positive effect on the condition of the ligaments. They are significantly injured when dislocated, especially the abdominal end of the clavicle. To restore them, complete immobility is necessary, otherwise relapses of the pathology occur, accompanied by severe pain in the shoulder joint. An orthosis is often used to simultaneously fix the arm and shoulder, since if injured, any movements of the upper limb can slow down recovery. If necessary, medical devices are used to completely immobilize the entire thoracic spine.

Designs made of breathable materials are prescribed to patients who have rapidly progressing degenerative changes in the articular structures. In addition to taking NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, and chondroprotectors, weak fixation of the joint is required. This method of conservative treatment does not allow destruction to neutralize the positive effect of pharmacological drugs.

The bandage was first mentioned as a separate medical device in manuscripts dating back to 1700 BC. The famous laws of King Hammurabi of Babylon describe the procedure for wearing a fixation device to prevent the protrusion of an inguinal hernia.

Characteristics of specific shoulder and forearm injuries

A bruise is a soft tissue injury that does not break the integrity of the skin. The cause is usually a sudden mechanical impact, such as a fall or blow. A painful sensation appears at the site of the bruise, which may result in limited mobility. After a few hours, bruising and tissue swelling may appear at the site of the injury. Over time, the color of the bruise changes from purple to yellow-greenish. Such injuries can be independent or accompany more dangerous injuries, such as fractures.

Positional compression of the upper limbs is a process of pressing soft tissues, due to which blood circulation in them is disrupted, the sensitivity of the limb and its mobility worsen.

A person feels numbness in the arm or shoulder, and the skin at the site of compression becomes pale, cold, and bluish. There is also a weakening of the pulse. The danger of such lesions is that tissue necrosis may develop due to them in the future.

Violations of the integrity of the ligaments can occur as a result of sudden movements of the joint that exceed its mobility. In this case, the ligaments almost do not stretch - ruptures or micro-tears occur in places of greatest tension. The victim feels pain in the joint, there is swelling in the affected area, and limited mobility. Not only muscles and ligaments are damaged, but also the vascular system - blood and lymphatic vessels.

Dislocation is a functional disorder of the normal state of the articular apparatus. The articulating parts of the bones that form the joint, as a result of mechanical action, cease to interact normally and change their location. The pathology is accompanied by severe pain, decreased mobility, and severe swelling.

Upper extremity fractures represent approximately 50% of all fractures. They can occur as a result of a sharp blow, a fall, or a car accident. This condition is dangerous for humans, since the bone loses its strength and integrity and ceases to function as a “frame” for a limb or joint. Incorrectly fused bones significantly complicate the life of their owner.

Indications for applying a bandage

A bandage restricts shoulder movement after an injury.
Wrapping the shoulder with an elastic bandage helps reduce pain. It holds well without interfering with excessive movement.

You need to secure your shoulder with an elastic bandage in the following cases:

soft tissue bruises;
sprain of the shoulder girdle - often occurs when playing volleyball, basketball, tennis;
exacerbation of arthritis, arthrosis of the shoulder joint;
bursitis, tendonitis.

You should not bandage your shoulder if you have thrombophlebitis or open wounds in the damaged area.

Advantages of ORDEKT thermoplastic products:

Apply in 10 minutes.
Quickly removed using a zipper.
Lightweight and rigid frame.
It is possible to adjust the fixation (remove, heat, fix again).
Used without backing, it does not squeeze, rub or irritate the skin.
The beautiful thin material is comfortable to wear under clothes.
Do not interfere with the adoption of water procedures.
Bright colors and laconic design appeal to both adults and children.
Not visible on x-ray (does not need to be removed before examination).
Can be modeled in fragments.
High quality at an affordable price.

If you still have questions, you can ask a specialist by phone or through the feedback form on the website.

To buy an arm orthosis made of high-quality low-temperature plastic in our store, place an order on the website, by calling +7 (495) 54-04-754.

The article was checked by Strakhov Maxim Alekseevich - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Traumatology-Orthopedics and Military Field Surgery of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian National Research Medical University named after. N.I. Pirogov of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Associate Professor of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia (Moscow).

Materials used for dressing

Various types of fiber and fabric media can be used in dressings:

Arrests of doctors: rheumatologists deprived patients of the most effective remedy for joint pain!

Bubnovsky Sergey Mikhailovich

leading rheumatologist of the country, deputy. Chairman, 1st Deputy Director of the Federal State Budgetary Institution NIIR named after. V. A. Nasonova

Find out more...

What is happening is what our law enforcement agencies should have done a long time ago - arrest this entire mafia. Just think about these numbers - more than 1 million crippled lives in 12 years! People, most of them pensioners, turned to doctors for help. And instead of treating, they profited from people’s suffering, knowing in advance that the remedies they prescribed would not help. And this practice was widespread not only in commercial ones, but also, worst of all, in public clinics.

non-sterile or sterile gauze is used to make bandages, napkins and tampons;
for purulent-inflammatory diseases, adsorbent gauze with special medicinal impregnation is used;
when applying a tight bandage, a special fabric of a slightly reddish color is used - calico;
in case of damage to the shoulder joint, accompanied by burns of various etiologies, tilexol is used;
sometimes when dressing, bleached and unbleached cotton wool (viscose and cellulose) is used;
elastic material and adhesive plasters.

Tilexol is impregnated with special oil, sterilized and used as an ointment bandage.
As a rule, when applying bandages, several types of material are used, for example, hygroscopic and impregnated gauze or cotton wool in combination with gauze, etc. Different materials complement each other and enhance the therapeutic effect on the joint.

General information about dressings

A scarf is a piece of gauze in the form of a scarf or scarf. This is an essential component of a home first aid kit.

Advantages:

Simplicity and ease of application.
Easy to make in extreme situations.
The ability to quickly provide first aid to a large number of injured people.
Suitable for use as a hemostatic tourniquet.
Does not require removal when transporting the victim.
A great self-help option.
Can be made from scrap materials.

Disadvantages of such a bandage:

Insufficient fixation strength.
The need for additional treatment of the wound surface.
Dressing skills required.
The need to control the fixation of the bandage.

Classification of dressings

Bandages are divided into groups according to certain parameters:

by duration of use – temporary and permanent;
by purpose - pressing, strengthening (bandage, adhesive and plaster) and immobilizing (plaster and splint);
according to the method of fastening - adhesives, stickers, bandages (mesh, gauze, tubular-mesh, fabric). In addition, sling-shaped, scarf (gauze or fabric) and T-shaped;
according to the properties of the material - hard and soft;
method of application - spiral, circular, spicate, intersecting, etc.

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Some types of dressings contain composite materials, such as plaster, as well as solid elements (splints, splints, etc.), which help improve fixation of the damaged part of the body. In addition, the bandage can be contour, scarf, mesh and tensor, etc. Proper bandaging looks neat, does not cause discomfort to the patient and completely covers the injured limb.

When I sprained my arm

Once the arm is straightened after a dislocation, it is necessary to apply a bandage.
In this case, the arm should be moved away from the body. A cotton or gauze roll should be placed in the armpit.

Instead of a bandage, you can use a Turner splint.

The average wearing time is approximately 4 weeks in adults. For older people and children, the time is reduced to 3 weeks.

Once the bandage is removed, you need to do exercises. With their help you can strengthen your muscles and joints. They perform a preventive function to prevent this injury in the future.

Types of materials

The shoulder brace, made only from cotton or wool, is very comfortable to wear. It does not rub the skin, allows air to pass through well, and has a moderate warming effect. But such an orthosis has a significant drawback - when worn, it quickly stretches, loses elasticity, and ceases to reliably fix the diseased joint. Extend service life by washing in cool water and drying on horizontal surfaces.

Medical devices made of neoprene are inexpensive and do not lose their healing properties with prolonged use. Synthetic material reliably retains heat in the shoulder. Thanks to the warming effect in damaged tissues:

blood circulation accelerates;
metabolic processes and regeneration are normalized.

But neoprene practically does not allow air and moisture to pass through, which negatively affects the condition of the skin. The problem is solved by lifting thin cotton or linen clothing.

Polyester and elastin combine all the positive qualities of neoprene, cotton and wool. They do not stretch when washed, are moisture- and breathable, and hypoallergenic. But they have one drawback - the high price.

Abduction splints

Abduction splints are orthopedic devices that are widely used by surgeons, traumatologists and neurosurgeons.

A similar device is used:

In case of a fracture of the humerus and shoulder blades without surgery, in the process of restoring the shoulder joint after a fracture;
In case of injury to the humerus;
During the recovery period after surgery on the shoulder bones or joints;
In the case of treatment of contractures of the shoulder joints.

Types of fixing devices

Shoulder braces vary in design complexity, indications for use, price and even availability. Devices designed for weak fixation can be found on the shelves of pharmacies and medical equipment stores. But orthoses for immobilizing large areas of the shoulder and chest can be purchased upon pre-order. Measurements are taken of the length of the shoulder, the circumference of the biceps, and the height of the person is necessarily taken into account. Structural rigidity is important for proper restoration of the structures of the shoulder joint. In accordance with this parameter, bandage devices are classified as follows:

soft. In the manufacture of such fixing devices, elastic materials that allow air to pass through were used. Soft orthoses securely fix the shoulder joint, slightly limiting its mobility. They are suitable for constant wear and rarely cause allergic reactions;
semi-rigid. Their design contains metal or plastic inserts to firmly fix the joint. These devices are intended to be worn during the treatment of acute or chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Traumatologists recommend the use of semi-rigid structures during the rehabilitation period after dislocations and subluxations of the clavicle, ligament ruptures;
hard. These are the most reliable fixing devices that firmly immobilize the shoulder joint. Orthoses consist of metal and plastic parts fastened into a rigid structure. They are necessary to wear after dislocations with ruptures of tendons and ligaments, and complex fractures.

Bandages for the shoulder joint are classified depending on their purpose.

Supporters

Soft shoulder orthoses are used as a preventive measure in case of risk of injury. They are used by athletes or people with mild joint diseases. They are very comfortable, invisible under clothes, and do not lose their supporting ability even with frequent washing. Such medical devices provide the necessary level of compression on joint structures, including ligaments, tendons and muscles.

The most commonly used support bandage is the Deso bandage. The bent arm is immobilized by one or two straps thrown over the shoulder and a wide clamp. The Deso bandage is used only for medicinal purposes and is not suitable for prevention.

Fixing

Fixation devices are usually semi-rigid structures with plates, splints, or hinges that cover specific areas of the shoulder and forearm. They securely hold the joint, ensuring the restoration of damaged tissue. When using such an orthosis, the possibility of moving the arm or moving the shoulder to the side is completely excluded. And with the help of hinges you can set the required angle between the arm and the shoulder joint.

In China, they don’t know what back or joint pain is, and they don’t see a doctor until they’re 80 years old!

Konstantin Kovalev

Restrictive movements

The device completely covers the injured shoulder and upper forearm. Complete immobilization is also ensured by a wide belt, which is threaded from the opposite side of the body. Despite the strength of the structure, the bandage is thin and invisible under clothing. The length of the belt can be adjusted to set the desired range of motion. Traumatologists recommend wearing them to patients after surgery on the collarbone after its dislocation or fracture.

Type of shoulder brace	price, rub.
Ottobock 5055 Shoulder bandage made of thermoregulating material Acro Comfort	8800
Ecoten FPS-01 Compression bandage fixing the shoulder joint	2500
Shoulder bandage with mobility limitation function, left Medi Omomed	5500
Warming shoulder bandage Ottobock 7126	5900
Shoulder support bandage Kerchief Trives T-8102	500
Bandage fixing the shoulder joint (Dezo bandage) T-8101	1100
Shoulder bandage ORTO ASR 206 right	2450

How to properly apply and wear retainers

Orthoses should only be applied by a doctor.

Depending on the degree of tissue damage, soft orthoses are prescribed for permanent use (around the clock, without removing), and for “temporary” (removed at night or put on only when there is a load on the wrist joint - while working at a PC, playing a musical instrument, or playing sports).

What kind of orthosis for fixing the arm is needed in a particular case can only be determined by an orthopedic traumatologist.

Basic rules for wearing orthoses:

The limb and/or joint is fixed in an anatomically correct position.
You cannot put on or take off orthoses yourself, without the permission of the attending physician.

ORDEKT thermoplastic orthoses are moisture resistant. They can be used for water procedures, including swimming in a pool or ponds. They are easy to clean with a sponge and running water with the addition of detergent. To avoid damaging the coating, the orthosis should not be rubbed with hard devices.

Orthoses made of low-temperature plastic provide:

Rest of the joint.
Load distribution on bones, ligaments and joints.
Fast rehabilitation.
Supporting normal blood supply to all tissues of the hand for their better regeneration.
Elimination of pathological mobility of bone fragments during a fracture.
Rapid resolution of pain, swelling and inflammation.
Reducing relapses in habitual dislocations, rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative and inflammatory joint diseases.

Orthopedic products fix the arm in its natural position, which promotes proper fusion of bones and regeneration of ligaments.

Bandages and orthoses for the shoulder joint

Bandages and orthoses for the shoulder joint are special orthopedic products that allow you to fix the shoulder in a given position, making it physically impossible for it to be abducted in an undesirable (based on the characteristics of the injury) direction.

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The distinction between shoulder braces and orthoses is not always clear, due to the wide variety of models, but in general, braces are more often used to fix the shoulder and forearm in their natural position, and orthoses are designed to fix the shoulder and forearm at a strictly specified angle.

Types of braces and orthoses for the shoulder

In addition to the main classification, shoulder braces/orthoses can be divided into groups according to the form in which the product is made:

Limiting. Do not allow the limb to be abducted to the side greater than the established limit (angle). As a rule, they leave the possibility of limited use of the hand, and only protect the patient from random sudden movements, which are undesirable until complete recovery. They are used for bruises, sprained muscles or ligaments, mild dislocations, as well as during the rehabilitation period after healing of a fracture.
Immobilizing. They make it possible to completely immobilize the shoulder joint, acting as a replacement for an obsolete plaster cast. Used for fractures, severe dislocations and tissue ruptures.
Corrective. Allows you to set and subsequently adjust the permissible length of flexion and abduction angle of the limb. They are used during the rehabilitation period of the shoulder after severe injuries.

All orthopedic products designed to fix the shoulder and forearm after injury are divided into three main groups:

Outlet bus. A means for immobilizing a joint and fixing a limb at a strictly specified angle.
Headband. Helps to partially immobilize and at the same time relieve the shoulder joint, taking on the weight of the upper limb.
Anatomical design. The product follows the anatomical contours of the shoulder and forearm, creating a minimum of comfort for daily wear.

Also, braces and orthoses for the shoulder are divided into right- and left-sided, and according to the degree of rigidity of the product itself - into soft, semi-rigid and hard.

How to choose a shoulder orthosis and brace

To select the correct size shoulder brace or brace, you may need the following measurements:

full height of the patient;
chest circumference;
arm length from shoulder to elbow joint;
length of the arm from the elbow to the middle of the hand;
circumference of the forearm and hand.

The results of the measurements obtained will need to be compared with a size chart from a specific manufacturer in order to select the required orthopedic product within the dimensions of a specific brand.

Types of injuries to the upper shoulder girdle and limbs

Content:

Types of injuries to the upper shoulder girdle and limbs
Characteristics of specific shoulder and forearm injuries
General rules for first aid
Algorithms and techniques for applying bandages

Injuries to the arms, shoulders and forearms can vary.

But, in general, this term refers to a violation of the normal condition and integrity of bones, soft tissues and skin, which causes pain and significantly limits the mobility of the limbs and torso as a whole.

When examining the victim at the scene of the incident, it is necessary, first of all, to determine the main visible deformations and damage.

If the victim is conscious, he must be interviewed to clarify the nature and location of the pain. In addition, the damaged areas are palpated, but this must be done very carefully and without sudden movements, since any damage may be accompanied by injuries to internal organs. The main division of injuries to the upper shoulder girdle implies the presence of two large groups of injuries - open and closed.

Open injuries are injuries associated with a violation of the integrity of the skin at the site of injury, therefore, upon visual inspection, internal ruptures, fractures and other wounds can be seen.

Closed injuries are more dangerous - they are hidden under the skin and subcutaneous fat, which in this case remain intact. To identify such injuries, a simple examination is not enough, which significantly complicates the provision of adequate first aid. This classification is the most general, and each type of injury should be considered separately. Common injuries are:

bruises;
dislocation;
sprains and ligament tears;
cracks and fractures of bones.

Shoulder brace with strong fixation

The orthosis has additional straps, with the help of which a strong fixation orthosis can be created from a medium-strength bandage. Its material is porous, allowing the skin to breathe. When the patient uses ointments and creams, the heat-saving effect will enhance the effect of their use.

Benefits and indications:

◉ After fractures of the proximal humerus

◉ When playing sports

A frank interview with a German rheumatologist after working in Russia for Russia Today

Dr. Klaus Maier

Head of the Department of Joint Surgery at the Clinic for Traumatology, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Bonn

Read the interview

“Russian medicine is a mystery to me. They treat joints for years instead of 3 weeks and reject new effective remedies!” Click the “Read interview” button

◉ Muscle damage

◉ Muscle pain

◉ Vibrating production loads

◉ Recovery after surgery

◉ In complex treatment with massage and exercise therapy

In China, they don’t know what back or joint pain is, and they don’t see a doctor until they’re 80 years old!

Konstantin Kovalev

Common method

One of the most mobile parts in the body is the shoulder joint.
That is why it is so often injured by people who regularly play sports. Careless movements lead to dislocations and fractures.

In case of dislocation, a fixing bandage ensures the correct location of the injured area.

I do it immediately after the patient’s plaster is removed.

The fixing bandage performs a number of functions:

Reduces the load on the injured shoulder joint;
Eliminates unnecessary activity of the injured limb;
Keeps the shoulder in a natural position;
Acts on the injured area as compression;
Helps restore lymph flow;
Provides nutrients to the tissues of the shoulder joint.

If a doctor has recommended it to the patient, then additional physical therapy can be performed. It has a positive effect during the rehabilitation period.

It is recommended to simultaneously work out the damaged shoulder joint without denying yourself active movements.

Rules for applying a bandage to the shoulder joint

It is better to apply fixing bandages to underwear. They should contain only natural fabrics. You should not pre-smear the skin with ointments or gels. If there are skin diseases or open injuries, the use of a bandage with fixation is contraindicated.

The bandages should not become loose, slip or press.

The time for wearing bandages varies from 3-4 weeks, in children - slightly less. After removal, it is recommended to develop the limb - physical therapy and physiotherapy.

There are many bandages that can be applied to the shoulder. But there are certain rules for everyone:

before applying a bandage, wash your hands thoroughly under running water and soap or wipe them with a disinfectant wipe;
place the victim in the most comfortable position for him, while the position of the injured limb must correspond to the position of the patient;
During the bandaging process, constantly monitor the patient’s facial expression: if pain appears, correct the tension of the bandage;
if possible, immobilize the bandaged area to avoid displacement of bone fragments, if any, during the process of applying the bandage;
always bandage from the periphery to the center, to the right, the bandage roller is in the right hand, the left holds the bandaged area;
start with a fastening turn of the bandage - it is applied at a slight angle. During the second round, secure the protruding end of the bandage and wrap the bandage again for security;
each subsequent turn should cover the previous one by two-thirds: this way the bandage will not become loose or slip;
When applying a bandage, do not twist the bandage or bandage it too tightly - this will impair blood circulation in the affected limb and significantly slow down the healing process.

After applying the bandage, check to see if the fingers or toes have turned blue, and if so, loosen the tension of the bandage.

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Types of Deso dressings

Deso bandages

The classic Deso bandage is a bandage. Covers the sore shoulder and torso with several rounds of the bandage, goes around the back and elbow from below, rises obliquely up, under the healthy armpit, spreads over the sore shoulder and falls again. Attached with pins or tape. If you are going to wear it for a long time, the bandages are stitched so that they do not slip and stretch less. Sometimes the Deso bandage is made of plaster.

Disadvantages of the Deso bandage

A bandage that is too tight will cut off circulation and cause pain. Too weak - does not perform its functions. Improper fixation can lead to improper bone healing. In addition, the bandage requires systematic care. If it becomes dirty or displaced, a replacement is required: you need to remove the old bandage and apply a new one, strictly without changing the position of the affected arm.

Ready-made Deso dressings

Ready-made Deso dressings are easier to use and convenient for patients and doctors. They are bandages - a shoulder joint fixator and a bandage connected into a single structure to support the forearm. Made from hypoallergenic materials that allow air to pass through, do not cause irritation and ensure full circulation. Attached using Velcro. They do not require precise selection - they are available in universal sizes and are individually adjustable.

How to apply tape to a shoulder

◩ The shoulder joint is rotated inward. We apply tape to the collarbone in the middle. The tension is half as great.

◪ Glued along the front of the shoulder joint, gradually moving it back.

◩ Next, the joint rotates outward.

◪ Glue the beginning of the next tape to the line leading from the shoulder blade to the shoulder.

◩ Also, the degree of tension is not more than 50%.

◪ The main application is on the back of the shoulder, gradually bringing the tape forward.

◩ The third tape is applied on top of the first 2, starting from the surface of the neck. The direction is slightly forward.

Shoulder Taping Tips

It is necessary to bandage the shoulder joint in case of dislocations, fractures or other injuries. The most common use of a bandage is to ensure that the bandage holds firmly, does not press, but does not slip, it must perform its functions correctly, the bandage must be applied correctly to the shoulder.

Basic Rules:

The bandage should be applied firmly, but not put pressure. The part of the body to be bandaged must be accessible. Bandaging is always done from left to right. When drawing a circle around the shoulder, it becomes clear that crossing the tape is required. It is produced in a spiral or figure eight.
To carry out dressing, a wounded person needs to be provided with reliable support in a static position, without bending back. This is provided by one more person. The shoulder can be supported under the elbow if there is no reliable support.
When applying a bandage, you must stand facing the victim, hold the bandage in your right hand, and hold its initial edge with your left. The bandage should be pulled evenly over the entire shoulder to avoid wrinkles. For dressing, you should choose a wide bandage.
A bandage is applied to the shoulder joint in a spica-shaped manner, as it is the most durable and effective. The bandaging begins from the upper third of the joint, the upper turn passes through it, the lower turn - in the armpit on the opposite side of the wounded arm. Then in front along the chest and joint, moving the tape under the armpit on the sore side, overlapping in the shoulder area, return the bandage to the armpit of the healthy side. This is done several times until the shoulder joint is completely covered with tape tissue. The extended edge of the bandage is attached to the upper third of the shoulder along with the initial edge brought out from under the bandage.

The video shows how to apply a bandage to the shoulder joint:

Spica bandage on the thigh. Spica bandage

When bandaging the shoulder, forearm, thigh, torso, fingers, a spica bandage is used, ascending or descending.

The crossing of the bandage moves occurs at 2/3 of its width, covering its previous rounds, along one line. The cross is carried out along one line: up - with an ascending spica bandage, down - with a descending bandage.

Spica bandage for the shoulder joint

On the sore side, two fastening circular passes of the bandage are made around the shoulder.
A sterile napkin is applied to the wound using sterile tweezers.
The third round of the bandage is applied upward - obliquely upward onto the back along the front surface of the shoulder.
The fourth round is along the back through the armpit of the healthy side to the front surface of the chest, heading towards the shoulder of the injured arm.
Fifth round - circular coverage of the shoulder - front, outer, back, inner surfaces. Then, along the front surface of the shoulder, the bandage is brought to the back and a cross is made with the 4th round.
All rounds of the bandage are repeated until the shoulder joint is completely closed. The bandage is secured to the front surface of the chest with a pin.

Spica bandage for finger

The bandage is brought to the nail phalanx through the dorsum of the hand and sore finger.
The bandage goes around the finger along the palmar and dorsal surfaces in a cross-shaped manner and is carried to the wrist.
A circular tour is made around the wrist - securing it.
The bandage rounds are repeated, with each subsequent bandage move covering the previous one by half the width until the finger is completely covered by the bandage.
The final securing round is on the wrist. The ends of the bandage are tied, or the bandage is secured with a pin.