Do cats have hip dysplasia?

First of all, it should be said that hip dysplasia, even if a pet has it, does not necessarily manifest itself sooner or later. For many purrs, this disease does not make itself felt throughout their lives, while for others, its signs begin to appear from an early age. What is this connected with? Firstly, with the physical condition of the animal, and secondly, with the fact that dysplasia can have different degrees of severity, and if the cat has a mild form, then the disease can only be detected during an x-ray.

Description of the disease hip dysplasia in cats

First of all, it should be said that any dysplasia is nothing more than the incorrect formation and subsequent development of a tissue or organ.
As for hip dysplasia itself, not so long ago it was believed that cats do not suffer from it at all.

However, as it turned out, this is far from the case, and that, according to statistics, purebred cats, and, in particular, large cats such as Maine Coon, Norwegian Forest, British and Persian, are most susceptible to this disease.

As for the Scottish Fold, despite the fact that the Scots are much smaller than the British, due to a mutation that causes sagging ear cartilage, this breed is prone to several serious diseases of the musculoskeletal system, among which is dysplasia hip joints.

What is this pathology? The fact is that with this disease, the femur, due to improper formation and development, cannot be correctly combined with the pelvic bones: a free space is formed between it and the pelvic cavity.

This first leads to damage to connective tissue, such as cartilage, and then the bones begin to deform.

Important!

Hip dysplasia cannot be diagnosed at an early age, as it will only manifest itself as the kitten gets older. However, if this disease was diagnosed in close relatives of the baby, then the likelihood of its occurrence in a growing pet will be incomparably higher than if it belonged to a line free from this disease.

Signs

The first signs of dysplasia may begin to appear at an early age. At the very beginning, a young cat may have impaired movement, and this condition only intensifies after physical activity.

Later, as the disease progresses, lameness may develop. The animal becomes inactive due to the pain it experiences; it prefers to lie or sit almost all the time and tries to avoid physical activity.

Over time, the joints affected by the disease enlarge, and during flexion or extension movements, their crunching may even be heard.

Important!

If an animal has only one joint affected, then the muscles on that hind limb may atrophy.

List of medications for dysplasia

In conservative therapy, medications are used to relieve symptoms and normalize the cat’s condition.

List of medications:

• Stride plus.
• Arthroglycan.
• Akti-Vet.
• Chionat.
• Discus Compositum.
• Hondraton.
• Rimadyl.
• Ketofen.
• Stop arthritis.
• Bonharen.
• Previcox.
• Target.

Additionally, intra-articular injections based on hyaluronic acid are used in treatment. Non-steroidal medications, anti-inflammatory, painkillers (Traumel), symptomatic medications, vitamins, mineral complexes, and alternative medicine may be prescribed.

Important! All medications, course of treatment, dosages should be prescribed only by verinar.

Symptoms (photo)

Symptoms of hip dysplasia may include:

• Clumsiness.
• Unsteady gait.
• When performing jumps, a cat gallops like a hare.
• Lameness, especially noticeable after the animal runs or jumps.
• Clearly audible crunching sound when moving.
• The cat doesn’t like to jump on tops; he prefers not to even climb onto a chair or sofa.
• When the cat stands up, the stiffness of her movements is visible.
• X-shaped stance of the hind limbs and muscle atrophy.

How strongly the signs of dysplasia will manifest depends on its degree. There are five of them in total:

• Healthy joint: everything is fine, dysplasia is completely absent
• Minor changes, noticeable only on x-ray.
• Mild pathological changes: at this stage, clinical manifestations of the disease are possible.
• Severe: serious changes can be seen on x-rays, and pronounced clinical symptoms are also present.
• Extremely severe degree: complete destruction of the joint and its dislocation occurs.

Important!

If dysplasia first manifests itself at an early age, then the listed symptoms will be less obvious than if the disease first appeared in the pet’s adulthood.

The degrees of dysplasia are of particular importance for mating tolerances. According to the rules of the World Cat Federation, animals with the first three degrees are allowed for breeding, while when choosing a partner for your pet, preference, of course, should be given to completely healthy producers.

Consequences of the disease

Conservative methods cannot completely restore the integrity of the joint and ensure its full functioning. Therefore, the consequences of the disease are:

• joint deformation;
• degeneration of bone and cartilage tissue;
• secondary osteoarthritis;
• hip subluxation;
• hip dislocation;
• pelvic deformity;
• arthritis;
• complete loss of joint mobility.

As a result of these complications, cats become very difficult to move and experience increased pain.

Factors contributing to the development of dysplasia

One of the main reasons for hip dysplasia in a cat is heredity. Moreover, as it was found out after research conducted by scientists, the dysplasia gene can be passed on to kittens even if both their mother and father are completely healthy. And the disease could be passed on to children “by inheritance” from their very distant ancestor, since dysplasia is sometimes transmitted even after 15 generations.

But the development of this disease is not always associated with heredity. And among other reasons for its appearance, one can also name:

• Very early castration or sterilization, due to which bone growth was slowed down.
• Excess weight, leading to increased stress on the joints and their subsequent deformation.
• Injuries to the paws or spine.
• Insufficient physical activity.
• Increased growth rate of the kitten, characteristic of large breeds such as Maine Coon.
• Lack of calcium in the body.
• Rickets.
• Hormonal disorders.
• Congenital pathologies of the structure of the skeletal system and musculoskeletal system.
• Feeding exclusively meat or low-quality dry food.

Attention!

Despite the fact that scientists consider heredity to be the main reason for an animal’s predisposition to dysplasia, the gene that is responsible for this pathology has not yet been identified. There are also suggestions that the deformation of the musculoskeletal system in cats is influenced not by one, but by several genes at once.

Let's sum it up

Dysplasia in cats is a dangerous disease that requires a quick response. The sooner you go to the vet, the greater the chance that the consequences for your pet's health will be minimal. It should also be remembered that the pain that a pet experiences in the later stages of the disease is really severe, so a quick response will also help reduce its suffering. Be attentive to your pet, and he will answer you with love and gratitude.

A disease such as dysplasia requires close attention and human assistance.

Diagnostics: how to identify?

One of the most reliable diagnostic methods is x-rays. It will not only allow you to find out whether your pet has joint deformities or not, but will also be able to accurately determine the nature of these changes, be it dysplasia, injury, arthritis or arthrosis.

During a personal examination of the animal, joints are palpated so that the veterinarian can assess their mobility, the presence or absence of pain and crepitus.

Arthroscopy, which is a mini-operation, will allow you to assess the condition of the tissues through a puncture. It is recommended as a diagnostic method for the early stages of the disease.

In addition, during it, if necessary, the doctor will be able to remove accumulated fluid and particles of destroyed cartilage. In addition, a general blood and urine test, determination of salt levels, and biochemistry are prescribed.

Causes of the disease

The main cause of the disease is hereditary predisposition. The disease is transmitted to the kitten from one of the parents. They say that the mutation that causes symptoms of dysplasia can manifest itself after 14 generations, so before mating you need to very carefully study the pedigree of the animal.

Genetic studies have shown that there is no specific gene responsible for the presence or absence of this disease. The cause of the disease is hidden disturbances in the number or structure of chromosomes that arise during the fertilization stage. Such violations always lead to deviations in the functioning of various organs and systems. That is why more and more genetic abnormalities and hereditary diseases of cats are being identified, characteristic of some specific breeds or groups of breeds.

Provoking factors

DTHD can be provoked by a whole complex of various predisposing factors, the main of which is the significant weight of the animal and its rapid growth. That is why Maine Coon cats, which are the largest cats, are more susceptible to the disease than other cat breeds. According to research by the International Orthopedic Foundation for Animals, the incidence of dysplasia among individuals of this breed is 18-25%.

And yet there are several more breeds that are most susceptible to this disease:

• British;
• Persian;
• exotic;
• Siamese;
• Scottish Fold (Scottish Fold).

Among other provoking factors, the most important are:

• obesity;
• various bone diseases;
• consequences of previous injuries;
• early sterilization of the animal, which promotes weight gain;
• incorrectly composed diet, excessively rich in calories;
• physical inactivity.

There is a hypothesis that dysplasia can be triggered by insufficient hyaluronic acid in the synovial fluid, which serves as a lubricant for joints.

Treatment

Depending on the stage of the disease and how severely the animal’s joints are affected, either conservative or surgical treatment is performed.

Therapeutic measures

If there are no indications for surgery, then treatment is carried out with therapeutic and medicinal methods.
In the initial stages of the disease, veterinarians usually recommend limiting the pet’s physical activity, for which they advise placing it in a cage or small enclosure.

This is, first of all, necessary to ensure that the joints are always in a natural position, which will later allow them to be properly fixed, which will help to significantly reduce the load on them.

The next condition necessary to improve the condition is a special diet. In the cat's diet, the dose of fatty and heavy foods is reduced, but the amount of foods rich in omega-3 acids is increased.

It is also advisable to add foods or supplements to your food that contain chondroitin and glucosamine.

A cat who is overweight must be put on a diet, and it is advisable to feed him special dietary food.

At the beginning of the disease, procedures such as massage, heating and electrophoresis help a lot, but with lameness and pain they are prohibited.

Important!

The owner needs to try to make the pet’s life easier: he should choose a comfortable bed for him, suitable in size and place it in a place convenient for the cat. The same goes for bowls and trays. In addition, high obstacles that the sick animal has to jump over should be removed.

Treatment methods

If dysplasia is in an advanced form, then drug treatment is used, including the use of anti-inflammatory and painkillers, as well as vitamins.
However, their use without fixing the affected joint is ineffective, since after the medications relieve the pain, the cat will again begin to lean its entire weight on the sore paw, and this can only worsen its condition.

In the same case, when the disease has reached its final stage, without surgical intervention it will no longer be possible to return the animal to a full life.

For dysplasia, three types of surgery are performed:

• Resection of the head of the pelvic bone. With this method, the femoral head is sawed off and an artificial one is formed in place of the affected joint.
• Correction of the adductor muscle of the thigh. It makes sense to perform this operation only if the kitten is not yet a year old.
• Prosthetics. The essence of the operation is that an artificial prosthesis is installed for the joint affected by the disease.

Important!

The type of surgical intervention required is determined by the veterinarian, since only he can calculate the likely risks and predict the outcome of the operation.

Host reviews

Anastasia, 32 years old, Vologda

When we bought our Scottish baby, we couldn’t even think about what we would soon have to face. At first everything was wonderful: Lilu grew up playful and cheerful, like all kittens. But then we increasingly began to notice that our cat was moving less, and her gait became unsteady and limping. Deciding that the kitten had injured her paw, we took her to the clinic, where after an examination she was diagnosed with hip dysplasia. The doctor prescribed us medications, chondroprotectors and vitamins, and also advised us not to let Lila out of the cage for a while. We were sorry to limit the baby’s freedom of movement, but, realizing that this was for her good, we did as the doctor advised. Soon our kitty's condition improved, and now she feels much better.

Lyudmila, 41 years old, Ekaterinburg

Our Justine is a huge Maine Coon cat. We took him from the nursery, with all the required documents and, it seems, we approached the choice of the breeder responsibly, we chose the nursery for a long time and carefully. Who would have thought that our Juste would inherit dysplasia from some great-grandfather? But by the time we found out that all was not well with the cat, we had managed to go through several exhibitions with him and even become a candidate for champion. But when it came to mating, the club suggested checking for dysplasia, and that’s when everything became clear. Fortunately, our disease turned out to be only stage two, which is not so scary. The veterinarian immediately prescribed us massage and warming, and, in addition, a special diet to prevent further development of the disease. And indeed, dysplasia stopped developing. But most likely, we will have to refuse breeding: we don’t want our Juste’s children to suffer later, this is, we can say, lucky, but what if one of the kittens has a more serious degree of illness?

Victoria, 29 years old, Novorossiysk

Chester was given to us by relatives whose Persian cat had been out for a walk with a neighbor's Scotsman. The kittens turned out to be charming, and we couldn’t resist taking one boy for ourselves. Of course, we did not know that mixed-breeds of fold-eared cats are predisposed to dysplasia, and we could not have known then. The kitten was large and well-fed, he always loved to eat with us, and somehow unexpectedly he gained excess weight, and then suddenly, for no apparent reason, he began to limp. They took him to the clinic, and, wow, hip dysplasia! The doctor said that this was most likely due to excess weight, and that if Chester had not been so fat, everything would not have been so bad. The treatment was long: the cat’s sore paw was fixed and painkillers and anti-inflammatory medications were prescribed, as well as vitamins, chondroitin and glucosamine. We also took him to the clinic for massages and warm-ups. First of all, the veterinarian said that Chester needed to be put on a diet and advised him to feed him special food for cats prone to obesity. This helped: soon the condition of our furry hulk improved noticeably, so, apparently, we will not need surgery.

Tests and methods for diagnosing dysplasia

It is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis and begin proper treatment using clinical signs alone at home. Therefore, you should take the animal to the clinic, where tests will be prescribed.

• Collection of anamnestic data. During the survey, the specialist examines the pedigree (if any), finds out the presence of the disease in the parents and other kittens from the litter, the characteristics of pregnancy and childbirth, the presence of birth injuries, and the time of the first signs.
• Clinical examination. It includes examination of the limbs and spinal column, palpation, determination of the presence and degree of bone deformation.
• Laboratory analysis of blood and urine. An increased number of leukocytes indicates the development of inflammation in the body and the presence of associated pathologies.
• Study of the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Since general anesthesia is required for radiography, before administering it the doctor must make sure that the animal does not suffer from heart disease.
• Arthroscopy. During this procedure, a specialist can assess the condition of the inner surface of the joint using an arthroscope inserted into it through a pinhole puncture.

Note! To conduct this examination, you need expensive equipment, appropriate qualifications and experience of specialists. Therefore, not every clinic can afford such a “luxury”. In addition, the high cost of the study does not make it possible to make it widespread and publicly available.

The final diagnosis is made based on radiography of the joint.

Prevention

In order to avoid hip dysplasia or at least reduce the risk of its occurrence in your pet, it is recommended to follow the following rules:

• Do not receive offspring from sires whose close relatives have dysplasia.
• When buying a purebred kitten, it is advisable to find out the heredity from its breeders.
• If you plan to adopt a kitten of a breed that is predisposed to dysplasia, then you need to be as careful as possible in choosing a nursery and breeders. It is advisable to take a baby from lines that are completely free from dysplasia.
• Avoid overfeeding and obesity of your pet.
• The cat's diet should be balanced.
• It is necessary to carry out prevention to prevent rickets, which can also provoke the development of dysplasia.
• You should regularly take your pet to the clinic for preventive examinations. This is especially important if he has a hereditary predisposition to this disease.
• You need to treat the cat carefully, without exposing it to the risk of injury to the spine or limbs, and at the first signs of dysplasia, immediately take it to a veterinary clinic.

Useful video

The video below talks about joint diseases in cats and the rules for keeping them.

Breed predispositions

It is worth noting, first of all, such large cats as the Maine Coon. 18% of this breed suffer from dysplasia.

The following are:

• British;
• Scottish fold;
• Siamese;
• Persian;
• Norwegian forest